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动态性动词与静态性动词(20)
来源:外国语学院     发布时间:2011-09-06    作者:admin     摄影:     校对:无    审核:暂无  

(9)始动性动词与其相应的静态性形容词、及使役性动词(Causative Verb)之间的密切关系,可以表现在下列公式中:

Present Perfect +Causative Verb= Present Perfect + Inchoative Verb=Present+Static Adjective

例如:

77)a.Mother has woken up the child.

b.The child has woken up.

c.The child is now awake.

(妈妈叫醒了孩子。/孩子醒了。)

78)a.The wind has dried the washing.

b.The washing has dried.

c.The washing is now dry.

(风吹干了衣服/衣服干了。)

应用上述公式的三个例句,都具有相同的功能,都是向人们宣布一件过渡动作已经完成、而对方还不知道的新鲜事,即announcing news,例如:

79)a.They have made/appointed/created/elected/nominated John a professor.

b.John has become a professor.

c.John is now a professor.

(他们任命约翰为教授。/约翰当教授了。)

80) a.The noise has driven Dick mad.

b.Dick has gone mad because of the noise.

c.Dick is now mad because of the noise.

(噪音吵得狄克头脑发胀。/狄克给噪音弄得头脑发胀。)

81) a.The farmer's wife has fattened(up) the pigs.

b.the farmer's wife has got the pigs fat/fatter.

c.The pigs have fattened.

d.The pigs have got fat/fatter.

e.The pigs are now fat/fatter.

(这农妇把猪养得肥肥的。/这些猪都很肥。)

82) a.They have sent the child to London.

b.The child has gone/come to London.

c.The child is now in London.

(他们把这孩子送到伦敦去了。/这个孩子已在伦敦。)

(10)始动性动词与其相应的静态性形容词或静态性动词,还可以表现于下列公式中:

Past+Inchoative Verb= Present Perfect+ Static Adjective/Verb 例如:

83) a.John woke up ten minutes ago.

b.John has been awake for ten minutes,(约翰在十分钟前醒了。/约翰已经睡醒十分钟了。)

84)a.The old couple settled down in this village 30 years ago.

b.The old couple began to live in this village 30 years ago.

c.The old couple moved to this village 30 years ago.

d.The old couple have lived in this village for 30 years.

(这对老夫妇三十年前在这个村里落户。/这对老夫妇已在这个村里住了三十年。)

上述例句表明这个公式的功能是说明在过去某一时刻发生的事件,对现在产生的结果。在这个公式里,时间状语是非常重要的。ago表明动作过去发生的时刻,for 表明该动作自发生至今所经历的时间。又如:

85) a.The old man bought the car two years ago.

b.The old man has possessed the car for two years.

c.The old man has had the car in his possession for two years.

(这老人两年前买了这辆车。/这老人拥有这辆车已经两年了。)

86)a.Dick entered the university three months ago.

b.Dick became a student at the university three months ago.

c.Dick has studied at the university for three months.

d.Dick has been a student at the university for three months.

(狄克三个月前上大学了。/狄克上大学已经三个月了。)

(11)当作不及物动词用的始动性动词,如come,go,arrive,fall,rise,set,marry,grow等,其过去分词可以出现于下列公式中:

Present Perject+Inchoative Verb(v.i)=Present+ p.p.(Inchoative Verb, v.i.)

例如:

87) a.Spring has come.

b.Spring is come.

(春天已经来了。)

88)a.The beer has all gone.

b.The beer is all gone.

(啤酒已经光了。)

这两种用法,前者表示过渡动作已完成,后者表示过渡动作的结果。两者都表示现在的状态,实际区别不大,可以视为同义,又如:

89)a.The guests have all arrived.

b.The guests are all arrived.

(客人们都已到齐。)

90)a.The leaves have all fallen.

b.The leaves are all fallen.

(树叶都落光了。)

91)a.The sun has risen.

b.The sun is risen.

(太阳已经升起。)

92)a.The moon has set.

b.The moon is set.

(月亮已经下山。)

93)a.They have married.

b.They are married.

(他们已经结婚了。)

94)a.The young trees have grown.

b.The young trees are grown.

(这些小树长起来了。)

(12)始动性动词大体可以分为:

(一)系动词( Link Verb)

(二)行为型动词(Act Verb)