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否定转移
来源:外国语学院     发布时间:2011-09-06    作者:admin     摄影:     校对:无    审核:暂无  

由"I don't think..."句型说开去  

在学英语的过程中,学生常将这样的句子 "我认为这不是个好主意." 译为"I think it isn't a good idea." 

而将这句英语译成汉语时,学生又会译为 "我不认为这是个好主意." 老师又会说译错了,这不符合 "I don't think..." 句型,第一句应译为 "l 

don't think it's a good idea."

  那么,这错误的根源究竟在哪里?这就是“英语的否定转移”在作怪。否定转移在非正式语体中特别常见,它是将语义上属于从属分句(一般为that clause)的否定词转移到母句中去。

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
  I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
  I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
  I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
  It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
  看来他们不知道往哪去。
  It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
  看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
  I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 
  我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
  It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
  在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
 (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)

4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
  The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

  He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。

  She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。

  否定的转移是一种含糊的现象。对于否定词位置不同的两个句子,意思是否相同,或者在多大程度上相同的问题,各人的直觉可能是不同的。但在以下特殊情况下,原来允许否定转移的动词不能将否定转移:
  1.I think是插入句,可看作与其他部分无关:
  I wish you were here, then I think I should not feel like this.

  2.母句中添加情态动词can't mustn't wouldn't时:
  I can't believe that they are married.
  I wouldn't have imagined that Sandra would be here.

  3.由于cannot helping, ought not, need not, not at all等短语的关系而把I think! 隔离。
  I should have thought sometimes you couldn't help thinking of the past.
  I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
  I think you need not be impolite to her, as well as to her son.
  "I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr.Esmond said."

  4. 由于not just... but, just not... enough,not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响,也不便把否定拿到动词的前面去:
  I think I'm just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.
  "You think she's not much like you? Brerald asked.
  But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.

  句中含有no, never, nothing, nobody等的不定词时:
  I should think you never have seen many.
  I thought it explained nothing.